88 A YEAR IN SCIENCE 



Cast iron contains the largest amount of carbon, 

 varying from 2 to 5%. It is a brittle substance and 

 can be used only where it is not to be subjected to 

 great shocks. It is used in casting articles such as 

 stoves, radiators, machines, etc. 



Courtesy of American Steel d Wire Co. 



Fig. 38. Ore of less purity than that used in the Bessemer process 

 is made into fine steel by the open hearth process. 



Wrought iron is the purest form of iron, containing 

 less than 1% of impurities and usually less than 0.2% 

 of carbon. It is made from cast iron by burning out 

 the carbon. It is a tough iron which can be bent, 

 stretched, hammered, or rolled into various forms. It 

 is easily forged and welded and thus becomes the iron 

 of greatest use to the blacksmith. 



Steel is also produced from cast iron by burning out 



