14 ANIMAL KINGDOM. 



The VERTEBRATES, (from tne Latin vertebra, a joint, which 

 comes from'vertere t to turn,) have a jointed backbone, or inter- 

 nal bony skeleton. They are divided into WARM and COLD 

 BLOODED ; the former, including Mammals, (Mammalia.} and 

 Birds, (Aves ;) the latter, Reptiles, (Reptitia.) and Fishes, Pisces.) 

 The Whale tribe. (Cetacea,) inhabiting the sea, form one order of 

 the Mammalia. 



ARTICULATES, (from the Latin articulus, a ring or joint,) are 

 animals in which the body and legs are jointed, and the hardest 

 parts are outside. These are arranged into three classes, viz. : 

 Insects, Crustaceans, and Worms. 



MOLLUSKS, (from the Latin mollis, soft,) are shell-fish whose 

 nervous system is composed of several scattered masses, or gan- 

 glions, united by means of nervous threads, and whose soft bod- 

 ies are generally protected by a shell. 



RADIATES, (from the Latin radius, a ray,) are animals whose 

 parts are disposed in the form of rays, tending to a common cen- 

 ter, where the mouth is placed, as in the Star- fish. 



QUESTIONS ON SECTION 2. 



Who is placed at the head of the Animal Kingdom ? With what is he 

 endowed ? For what is he fitted ? What does his compound being consti- 

 tute him? How is he allied to animals ? How to spiritual beings? What 

 guides the lower animals instead of reason ? Does the bird or bee con- 

 struct its last nest or comb with more skill than the first ? Is there any 

 need of mistake in referring to Mineralogy or Botany, what properly belongs 

 to the Animal Kingdom ? How is it with the Oyster ? What are the four 

 elements both in vegetables and animals ? What name is given to these 

 elements? What shows the opposite natures of plants and animals? 

 When animals breathe, what is combined with the blood? What gas is 

 thus formed ? How is this thrown off in some animals ? How in others ? 

 What is oxygen called ? On what do plants live ? What do they give off? 

 What do they furnish to animals? What do animals furnish plants? 

 What is obtained from animal excretions? What do vegetables derive 

 from it ? Whence does an animal derive the constituents of its body, and 

 whence the plant its elementary ingredients ? What is a further source of 

 contrast between plants and animals ? -What additional ground of distinc- 

 tion is there between the animal and vegetable kingdoms ? In some cases, 

 how is it determined to which of the two a particular being belongs? 

 What further distinction between plants and animals is referred to ? How 

 do vegetables take in their nourishment? How animals? What is said 

 about the food of animals ? What are animals said to do ? What has the 

 earth been called ? What is said of the habits and instincts of animals as 

 relates to the differences between them and plants ? What benefits flow 

 from tracing the analogies between animals and plants ? Is this a wide field 

 and what does it teach ? 



What does the Chart present ? From what is the term ZOOLOGY derived ? 

 Of which of the three kingdoms of nature is this Chart a general view ? 



