BIMANA. 21 



all able at first to move about, use their eyes, and eeek their own food ? 

 Upon what are the prominent characters of the MAMMALIA founded ? "What 

 distinguishes the three sub-classes into which all Mammals are divided? 

 Spell, define and give the derivation of these words. Which have nails ? 

 Which hoofs? Which fins? Which have hair? Which live on land? 

 Which in the water ? Under how many orders are the Mammals on the chart 

 arranged? Whose arrangement is this, and why adopted? Who was 

 Cuvier? Ans. An eminent French naturalist who could, like Prof. Owen, 

 of England, describe an animal by seeing a single bone, and the na- 

 ture of its food, by looking at its teeth, or examining its intestines. 

 Name the nine* orders from the chart, giving examples of each. Read 

 the explanations along the sides of the branches and limbs, as you trace 

 them up from the root or foundation of the tree. To what rank have some 

 naturalists elevated the CHEIROPTERA, INSECTIVORA, and MONOTREMATA? 

 What animals on the chart belong to these sub-orders ? What reason is 

 assigned for giving them this rank ? 



SECTION IV. 

 FIRST SUB-CLASS. UNGUICULATA. 



FIRST ORDER. BIMANA, (Lat. bis, twice ; manus, hand ; two-handed.) 



MAN fills the first place in the animal series. In reality, he 

 stands alone, sole order, genus and species. His full zoological 

 relations are : class, VERTEBRATA ; order, MAMMALIA ; genus 

 HOMO ; species, SAPIENS. The position at the head of the Ani- 

 mal Kingdom, given to man by the great body of zoologists, is, 

 however, objected to by some eminent naturalists, "who are not 

 disposed to admit that because he possesses certain zoological 

 characters which are entirely secondary and subordinate, he 

 should be classed with brutes, when his noblest attribute, reason, 

 destroys every vestige of affinity, and places him immeasurably 

 above them all."* 



The most prominent of the characters by which man is 

 distinguished from the lower animals, are as follows : 



Rational ; endowed with speech ; able to walk erect, two 

 handed ; having a prominent chin ; four incisor (cutting) teeth 

 above and below ; and all the teeth side by side ; the canine (eye) 

 teeth of the same length as the others ; the lower cutting teeth 

 erect; a peculiar relative proportion of the thighs and arms, and 

 wide soles to the feet. 



Considering him in his higher or spiritual nature, we may 

 name his sentiments, feelings, sympathies, internal consciousness 

 and purposes ; and the courses of action thence resulting as 

 among his proper and essential characteristics. Even physically, 

 he is first of all the living creatures on earth ; not, however, in 

 size, or in animal strength, in which respects many of the Ver- 



* Zoology of New York, by Dr. De Kay. 

 2 



