28 VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN RACE. 



In what senses is he inferior, or in what way does the eagle, hare, dog, or 

 vulture surpass him ? What is found in man ? What does this enable him 

 to cultivate ? What elevates him so highly above other animal existences ? 

 To what are the several parts of the human frame suited ? For what does 

 a man's structure fit him ? For what does it unfit him ? Has he the power 

 of imitation ? What aids this power or faculty ? How many bones and 

 muscles has he ? What is said of his foot ? What is said of the muscle of 

 the great toe in man? Give its technical name. What of the correspond- 

 ing muscle in the Orang Outang ? What does Prof. Owen say in relation 

 to this, and how does this bear upon the development theory ? What do 

 the teeth, bones, and muscles of the monkey forbid ? What is said of the 

 hands, thumbs, and fingers of man ? What does Sir Charles Bell say in his 

 "Bridgewater Treatise?" What is further said of the human hand? 

 What of the ring finger ? What of the thump and other fingers ? Of 

 what use is the different length of the fingers ? Does it evince design, or 

 did it occur by chance ? What is chance ? What is the cup of Diogenes, 

 and how is it formed ? Who was Diogenes ? Ans. A celebrated Cynic phi- 

 losopher, of Greece, who died in great misery and indigence, B. C. 324, at the 

 age of 96. What is said of the human brain ? How is this shown ? How is the 

 size of the brain sometimes estimated ? How is this angle found ? What 

 is said of the arteries supplying blood to the human brain? How does the 

 cranium, or human skull, contrast with that of the monkey ? What is said 

 of the monkey's face ? What of man's ? Which bespeaks the most intel- 

 ligence ? For what does he use his hands ? How does he protect himself? 

 What is said of his jaws and teeth ? What are monkeys unable to do ? 

 By whom are they surpassed ? Is there any anatomical reason why an ape 

 should not speak ? Have they ever been taught to speak ? What makes a 

 vast difference between man and all other mammals? In what is man's 

 physical system peculiar? What have Arctic and African explorations 

 shown ? 



VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN RACE. 



The variations of mankind, in respect to climate and modes of 

 life, are connected with changes in complexion and feature, with 

 differences in the skull, in the color and nature of the hair, etc. 

 The divisions of the race to which these differences have given 

 rise, are stated diversely by naturalists, some numbering more, 

 and others fewer varieties. The Caucasian, Mongolian, and 

 Nigritian tribes, are by some regarded as the three distinctly 

 marked types; and the other varieties as but a blending of 

 these and their peculiarities, and hence merely sub-typical. 



The "Chart of the Animal Kingdom " exhibits the" division of 

 Blumenbach, the one which has commonly been made, which, 

 separating the Malay and American varieties from the Mongolian, 

 one of the distinctly marked types, makes the number FIVE, viz. : 

 1. THE EUROPEAN or CAUCASIAN; 2. THE ASIATIC, MONGO- 

 LIAN, or TURANIAN, of Dr. Pritchard ; 3. THE MALAY or AUS- 

 TRALIAN ; 4. THE AMERICAN ; 5. THE ETHIOPIAN or AFRICAN. 



1. THE CAUCASIAN VARIETY was so called because it origi- 



