PACHYDERMATA. 149 



Asiatic species is also deemed the superior of the two in point 

 of sagacity ; though Cuvier was of the opinion that even this 

 species does not in intelligence surpass the dog, an opinion that 

 finds corroboration in the size of the Elephant's brain, which is 

 estimated to be only jfa part of his body, while in man the 

 brain is -J^ part. 



E. primigenius, (Lat. primus, first; gigno,to produce.) The 

 MAMMOTH. 



This is the name of an extinct species of Proboscida, remains 

 of which have been discovered in the tertiary fresh water de- 

 posits of the Eastern and Western Continents. Abundant re- 

 mains of this species have been found in the frozen mud of Rus- 

 sian America ; they have also been traced in smaller quantities 

 as far south in the United States as Ohio, Kentucky, Missouri and 

 North and South Carolina. The Chart figures one of these ani- 

 mals dug up at Newburg, N. Y., twelve feet high and fourteen 

 feet long. Mammoth bones and tusks occur throughout Russia, 

 and particularly in Eastern Siberia. The skeleton of one six- 

 teen and one-half feet in length, obtained in Siberia, and having 

 the skin attached to the head and feet, is preserved in the muse- 

 um at St. Petersburg. The hair of this specimen consists of 

 two kinds, common hair and bristles ; showing in the arctic char- 

 acter of its clothing that it was capable of living in high northern 

 latitudes, like the Rein-Deer and Musk-Ox of the present day. 

 It is inferred from the teeth of these animals that their food did 

 not probably differ much from that now used by their survivors in 

 tropical countries. 



E. AmericaniLs. AMERICAN ELEPHANT. 



Dr. De Kay, (N. Y. S. N., 189,) designates a species under 

 this name from specimens of teeth found in a diluvial formation 

 near the Irondiquoit river, in Munroe County, ten miles east of 

 Rochester. 



Mastodon, (Gr. fiaarog, mastos, a nipple or udder ; oSovg, odous> 

 a tooth.) (Plate IV. fig. 9.) 



This is the name of an extinct genus of gigantic Pachyderms 

 whose remains are found abundantly in tertiary and sometimes in 

 secondary deposits. The animal must have equaled or exceeded the 

 elephant in bulk, and greatly resembled him in shape ; the tusks, 

 proboscis, and the general conformation of the body and the limbs 

 were similar. The principal distinction between the two genera 

 was formed by the molar teeth, the crown of which, unlike those 

 of the elephant, exhibited, on cutting the gum, large conical 

 points of a mammiform structure, whence the animal derived its 

 name. The whole number of teeth was twenty-six. The Mas- 



