PACHYDERM ATA. 165 



probably like those of the Tapirs. Dr. Buckland supposes that 

 they lived and died upon the margins of lakes and rivers. The 

 species varied greatly in size, some having been as large as a 

 Rhinoceros, and others having ranged from the size of a horse to 

 that of a dog. In relation to the discovery of this fossil genus, 

 Cuvier thus writes: "I found myself as if placed in a charnel 

 house, surrounded by mutilated fragments of many hundred 

 skeletons of more than twenty kinds of animals, piled confusedly 

 around me ; the task assigned me was to restore them all to their 

 original position. At the voice of Comparative Anatomy, every 

 bone and fragment of bone resumed its place. I cannot find 

 words to express the pleasure I experienced in seeing, when I 

 discovered one character, how all the consequences which I pre- 

 dieted from it, were successively confirmed. The feet accorded 

 with the characters announced by the teeth ; the teeth were in 

 harmony with those previously indicated by the feet. The bones 

 of the legs and thighs, and every connecting portion of the ex- 

 tremities were found to be joined together precisely as I had 

 arranged them before my conjectures were verified by the dis- 

 covery of the parts entire. Each species was, in fact, recon- 

 structed from a single unit of its composing elements." The Pa- 

 laeoiheria were characterized by having twenty-eight complex 

 molar teeth, four canines, and twelve incisors; six in each jaw. 



Anoplotkerium, (Gr. from ay, aw, neg ; onhov, hoplon, a weapon ; 

 6i]Qiov therion, a wild beast.) 



This name, signifying a beast without offensive arms or tusks, 

 was given to a genus of extinct Pachyderms, found by Cuvier in 

 company with the Palaeotheria, and named by him, ranging be- 

 tween the Pachydermata and Ruminantia. 



III. FAMILY of the PACHYDERMATA. (PI. VI. fig. 8.) 



Equidae, (Lat. Equus, a horse.) Solid- ungulous, or one-hoofed 

 Mammalia. These Pachyderms have but a single finger or toe, 

 terminating each extremity; and this finger or toe is enclosed in 

 a horny hoof or shoe. They include Horses, Asses, and the 

 Zebra. Of these the Horses are far the most valuable and most 

 widely distributed. Instead of the massive form and heavy tread 

 of the Elephant, these animals approach to slender forms, and 

 they (especially the horses,) resemble in their graceful propor- 

 tions, and their fleet movements, the Deer and the Antelope. 

 They are distinguished from other animals, not only by the un- 

 divided hoof, but by their stomach, which is simple and incapable 

 of rumination. Their intestines are much lengthened, and thus 

 adapted to their food, which consists entirely of herbage. "The 

 Asses and the Zebras," says Dr. Gray, " are always whitish and 



