CONTENTS. xi 



CHAPTER VIII. 



NEWTON. 



Page 1 80 



BIRTH and Education, 180 His Publications, 181 His Death and Character, 

 182 Indivisibles, 183 Curves, 184 The Incremental Triangle, 185 John 

 Wallis and the "Arithmetic of Infinites," 186 Fluxions, 1 86 Leibnitz and the 

 Differential Calculus, 188 The Integral Calculus, IQO The Lawsol Motion. 191 

 Central Forces, 193 Gravitation, 195 The Figure of the Earth, 198 The 

 Moon and the Tides, 20 1 The ' ' Principia, " 202. 



CHAPTER IX. 



ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 



Page 205 



GASSENDI, 205 Huygheift, 206 TJ^ Pendulum, 207 Gascoigne, 212 The 

 Vernier, 212 J. D. Cassini, 213 John Flafnstead, 214 Edmund Halley, 214 

 James Gregory, 216 Newton's Experiment of the Prism, 217 Dr. Robert 

 Kooke, 220 Newton's Rings, 223 Francis Maria Grimaldi, 225 Olaus Roemer, 

 228. 



CHAPTER X. 



CHEMISTRY AND NATURAL HISTORY SCIENCE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 



Page 229 



VAN Helmont, 229 Robert Boyle, 230 Johann Kunckel, 232 Tohann Joachim 

 Becher, 232 George Ernest Stahl, 232 John Mayow, 233 Aldrovandus, 236 

 Konrad Gesner, 237 Andrea Csesalpinus, 237 Dr. Merret, 237 John Ray, 

 238 Francis Willughby, 238 Galen, 239 Andrew Vesalius. 240 William 

 Harvey. 240 Realdus Columbus, 241 Leeuwenhoek, 242 Marceilo Malpighi, 

 242 Dr. Nehemiah Grew, 243. 



CHAPTER XI. 



ASTRONOMY OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 



Page 245 



^HE Figure of the Earth, 246 Similar Parallax, 247 Molyneux and Bradley, 

 249 Hadley's Sextant, 253 John Harrison, 256 Michel! and Cavendish, 257 

 William Herschel, 257 Roger Cotes, 265 Dr. Brook Taylor, 265 Maclaurin, 

 265 Euler, 266 Pierre Simon Laplace, 267 Clairaut, 273 Lagrange, 273 

 The Moon, 273 La Hire, etc., 278. 



