LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



280 

 283 

 284 

 284 



285 



Fig. Page 



no. Diagram 226 



in. Do 227 



112. Robert Boyle 229 



113. Spiracle of Silkworm 243 



114, 115. Vegetable Cells 243 



116, 117. Ditto 244 



Tail-piece 244 



118. Laplace 245 



119. Diagram 247 



120. Bradley 249 



121. Diagram. 250 



122. Greenwich Observatory 252 



123. Hadley's Sextant Diagram . 253 



124. Hadley's Sextant 254 



125. William Herschel 258 



126. Ramage's Telescope 262 



127. The Zodiacal Light 271 



128. The Full Moon 274 



129. Portion of the Moon s Surface 275 



130. Diagram 276 



131. Joseph Black 279 



132. Diagram 



133. Achromatic Lens (section) 



134. Do 



135.7*00 



T.-& The Thermometer 



/J37. Diagram 290 



138. Black's Calorimeter 290 



139. Lavoisier's Calorimeter 292 



140. -) ("293 



141, 142. > Expansion of Bars < 294 



143. ) (.295 



144. James Watt 297 



145. The Safety Valve 298 



146,- Newcomen's Engine .* 299 



1^7. Watt's Engine 301 



^148. Statue of Watt in Handsworth 



Church 302 



149. Count Rumford 305 



150. The " Montgolfier " Balloon 311 



151. First Balloon Ascent 312 



152. Benjamin Franklin 313 



153. Hawksbee's Electrical Machine 315 



154 Do 316 



155. Gray's Experiment 319 



156. A Simple Electroscope 321 



157. The Plate Electrical Machine 322 



158. Dutch Electrical Machine 323 



159. Nairne's Electrical Machine ..' 323 



160. Franklin's Experiment 331 



161. The Torsion Balance 335 



162. Do. 335 



163. The Dipping-Needle 336 



164. The Spirit-Level 337 



165. Dr. Halley 338 



166. Chart of Magnetic Curves 339 



167. A Maenetic Observation 340 



168. Lavoisier 341 



169. Pneumatic Trough 342 



170. Boerhaave 343 



171. Improved form of Macquer's Ex- 

 periment 349 



172. Scheele's Experiment 353 



173. Matquer s Experiment, with Portrait 357 



174. Lavoisier's Experiment 365 



175. Guyton de Morveau 369 



176. Demonstration of the Composition 



of Water 375 



177. Composition of Water by Synthesis 377 



178. Cuvier 381 



179. The Duck-billed Platypus 390 



180. Amphioxus lanceolatus 391 



Fig. Page 



181. Flamingos 395 



182. Buffon 399 



iSj^Skeleton of Plesiosaurus 401 



^Ki^~ Skeleton of Mylodon robustum 402 



^KS- Alexander Brongniart 403 



186. Werner's idea of the Structure of the 



Earth 412 



187. Sir John Herschel 417 



188. John C. Adams 423 



189. Le Verrier 425 



190. Diagram 426 



Spiral Nebula 430 



. The " Dumb-bell" Nebula in Orion 431 



93. The great Nebula in Orion 432 



194. Browning's 12-inch Reflector 435 



195. Diagram _. 438 



196. Foucault's Pendulum Experiment... 439 



197. Lord Rosse's Telescopes 441 



198. Thomas Young 442 



1 99.X- Vertical Section of the Eye 446 



j&6. Fibres in the Crystalline Lens 447 



201. Diagram 450 



202. Auguste Fresnel 453 



203. Diagram '. 455 



204. Fresnel's Experiment 456 



205. Bands 457 



206. Reflection of Wave-fronts 459 



207. Iceland Spar showing Double Re- 

 fraction 461 



208. Diagram 465 



209 Metric Scale 466 



210. Tourmaline Crystals 468 



211. Diagram 469 



212. Model of Effects of Tourmaline 



Plates 470 



213. Nicol s Prism 471 



214. Model 472 



215. Diagram 473 



216. Frangois Arago 474 



217. Professor Kirchoff 476 



218. Spectrum 477 



219. Diagram 478 



220. William Wollaston 479 



221. Absorption Bands 483 



' ~ - 486 



487 



489 



49 i 



222. Runsen's Spectrum Instrument ... 



223. Spectroscope with One Prism 



224. Gassiot's Spectroscope 



225. Apparatus for Spark Spectra 



226. Nebula Spectrum 499 



227. Solar Eclipse, 1869 500 



228. Diagram 504 



229. Professor Tyndall 505 



230. Apparatus for Measuring Speed of 



Light 506 



231. Differential Air Thermometer 507 



232. Mjelloni's Thermopile 508 



233. Diagram 513 



234. Binocular Microscope 515 



231** The Kaleidoscope 516 



^36. Brewster's Lenticular Stereoscope... 517 



237. Wheatstone's Reflecting Stereoscope 517 



238. The Sprengel Pump 519 



239. The Radiometer 520 



240, 241. | Crookes' High Vacuum Experi- ( 521 



242. ) ments (. 522 



243. Joule's Experiment 526 



244. Joule's Apparatus 527 



=45 } Carre's Apparatus '. (j 



247 Boutigny's Experiment 533 



248. Experiment on Sound in Vacuum ... 534 

 249. Velocity of Sound in Water 535 



