NATURAL HISTORY OF THE EIGHTEENTH $NT. 383 



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of botanical classification; and in 1729 he actually* di?ew up the* first - 

 sketch of his scheme in an essay entitled, "/r^aos 3>vruv, Sine Nuptm ' 

 Arborum" Linnaeus was soon afterward ,'(17 30) appointed as" deputy 

 professor of botany at Upsala, after having lived there r&tyty two yearsr. 

 In 1731, Rudbeck, the senior professor, recommended that, Linnaeus 

 should be sent by the Academy of Sciences to make a botanical tour 

 in Lapland, in order that the natural history of that country should be 

 thoroughly explored. Linnseus accordingly set out on his expedition 

 in May, 1732, and spent the summer in examining the productions of 

 Lapland. He left the public roads and took paths through the woods, 

 and though a stranger to the language and manners of the people, he 

 trusted himself entirely to their hospitality, and did not trust in vain. 

 He speaks of the innocence, simplicity, and healthiness of the lives of 

 the Lapps, and mentions with admiration the strength and vigour of 

 two old men, his guides, who without fatigue carried his luggage in 

 journeys by which he himself, young and robust as he was, was fre- 

 quently exhausted. He had to meet many hardships and some narrow 

 escapes in climbing precipices and crossing rivers, and he suffered not 

 a little from heat and cold, hunger and thirst. On his return he pre- 

 sented to the Academy of Sciences a summary of his observations, but 

 these were not published in extenso until some years afterwards. 



Linnaeus now strove to add to his limited means by lecturing on 

 mineralogy, and endeavoured also to establish a medical practice. 

 Having failed in this last project, he went to Harderwick in Holland, 

 in order to extend his studies, and obtain the M.D. degree at the uni- 

 versity there. He was soon afterwards introduced to the celebrated 

 Boerhaave, by whose recommendation he became acquainted with a 

 wealthy gentleman named Clifford, residing at Hartecamp near Haar- 

 lem. This gentleman had a magnificent garden and collection of 

 plants, and prevailed on Linnaeus to take up his residence with him. 

 Here Linnaeus was maintained and treated in every respect with the 

 greatest consideration ; but notwithstanding all the advantages which 

 the opulence of his patron placed at his disposition, Linnaeus formed 

 the resolution of returning to his native country. During his stay at 

 Hartecamp he set the botanical garden in order, and drew up a cata- 

 logue of the plants, which was published under the title " ffortus 

 Cliff ortianus" He visited England under the auspices of Clifford, 

 and made the acquaintance of the best of our botanists, and subse- 

 quently visited Paris, where he was cordially received by several dis- 

 tinguished men of science. On returning to Sweden he practised for 

 a short time as a physician at Stockholm. In 1743 he was appointed 

 Professor of Medicine and Natural History in the University of Up- 

 sala. He made the botanical garden here the finest and richest in 

 Europe. He died at Upsala in 1778, in the seventy-first year of his 

 age. 



Of the writings of Linnaeus, which are very voluminous, the most 



