NATURAL HISTORY OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENT. 387 



LJNN^EAN CLASSES OF PLANTS. 



CLASS I. MONANDRIA Stamens separate, of nearly equal") and in number 



length. $ 



II. 



III. 



IV. 



V. 



VI. 



VII. 



VIII. 



IX. 



X. 



XL 



XII. 



XIII. 



XIV. 



XV. 



XVI. 



XVII. 



XVIII. 



XIX. 



XX. 



DlANDRIA 



TRIANDRIA 



TETRANDRIA ... 

 PENTANDRIA ... 



HEXANDRIA 



HEPTANDRIA ... 



OCTANDRIA 



EHNEANDRIA ... 



DECANDRIA 



DODECANDRIA... 



ICOSANDRIA 



POLYANDRIA 



DlDYNAMIA 



TETR ADYNAMIA . 

 MONADELPHIA... 



DlADELPHIA 



POLYADELPHIA.. 



SYNGENESIA 



GYNANDRIA 



length, 



Stamens 



7 

 8 



9 

 10 



12 19 



rising from calyx, 20 or more, 



rising from receptacle, 20 or more, 

 two long and two short, 

 four long and two short, 

 united by filaments into one bundle. 



XXI. MONCECIA 



XXII. DKECIA.... 



XXIII. POLYGAMIA 



XXIV. CRYPTOGAMIA.. 



into two bundles. 

 , , into more than two. 

 by the anthers, 

 with pistil on a column. 



Stamens and pistil in different flowers 



Con different 



" " I plants. 



,, on the same flower, and on dif- 



ferent flowers in the same or 

 on different plants. 

 Flowers absent or inconspicuous. 



The first ten Classes proceed in a regular series, and are named 

 according to the number of free stamens. The eleventh Class has 

 twelve as the number of stamens, as no plants are known with eleven 

 stamens. The names of all are derived from the Greek numerals, and 

 the words avep, male ; ywe, female ; Bwaius, power ; a5eA0os, brother ; 

 ya.fjt.os, marriage ; K/WTTTOS, concealed ; oi/co?, house ; <rw, together ; and 



yevevis, origin. 



Under each Class are arranged Orders, but the characters on which 

 these are founded are not all drawn, like the characters of the Classes, 

 from a single part of the plant. The Orders of the first thirteen Classes 

 are, however, defined by the number of pistils, and are named Mono- 

 gynia, Digynia, Trigynia, etc. The nature of the fruit and other dis- 

 tinctions furnish characters for the other eleven Orders. 



It is in these greater divisions that the Linnaean system is artificial, 

 for the species of plants, as distinguished by Linnaeus, fall into genera, 

 in which the natural affinities are recognized ; and this part of the 

 classification is conducted on similar principles in all systems. As in 

 the case of animals, the scientific name of a species of plants consists of 

 two Latin words, the first of which is a substantive, and designates the 

 genus ; the second is an adjective, and indicates the species; e.g., Rosa 

 canina. Giving the equivalent in English, we usually put the adjective 



first; e.g., the plant just named is termed the Dog Rose. 



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