PHYSICS OF NINETEENTH CENT. ELECTRICITY. 573 



of the most delicate and most valuable instruments of research which 

 science has placed in the hand of the electrician. 



The discoveries of CErsted, Ampere, and Arago completely esta- 

 blished the fact of the close connection if not absolute identity of 

 current electricity and magnetism. They showed not only that the 

 current would affect the magnet, but that itself generated magnetism. 

 The inverse transformation of magnetism into current-electricity was 



'''Win w 



FlG. 288.- TRANSMITTING A MESSAGE. 



one of the great discoveries of a man who was the especial ornament 

 of English science during the present century MICHAEL FARADAY. 



Faraday was born at Newington, South London, on the 22nd of 

 September, 1791. His father, James Faraday, was a journeyman 

 blacksmith, who had a few years before come to London from his 

 native village of Clapham, situated at the foot of Ingleborough Fell 

 in Yorkshire. At the age of thirteen Faraday went as errand boy to 

 a stationer and bookseller in Blandford Street, after an education 

 consisting of little more than the rudiments of reading, writing, and 



