ON ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN GEKMAN UNIVERSITIES. 239 



nently that the real is far more sharply separated 

 from the unreal, by the incorruptible criticism of 

 facts, than is the case with the more complex problems 

 of mental science. 



And not merely the development of this new side 

 of scientific activity, which " was almost unknown to 

 antiquity, but also the influence of many political, 

 social, and even international relationships make 

 themselves felt, and require to be taken into account. 

 The circle of our students has had to be increased ; 

 a changed national life makes other demands upon 

 those who are leaving; the sciences become more and 

 more specialised and divided ; exclusive of the libraries, 

 larger and more varied appliances for study are re- 

 quired. We can scarcely foresee what fresh demands 

 and what new problems we may have to meet in the 

 more immediate future. 



On the other hand, the German Universities have 

 conquered a position of honour not confined to their 

 fatherland; the eyes of the civilised world are upon them. 

 Scholars speaking the most different languages crowd 

 towards them, even from the farthest parts of the 

 earth. Such a position would be easily lost by a false 

 step, but would be difficult to regain. 



Under these circumstances it is our duty to get a 

 clear understanding of the reason for the previous pro- 

 sperity of our Universities ; we must try to find what is 



