CHAPTER XXX. 

 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. - 

 RADICALS ACIDS BASES NEUTRALS. 



IN the introduction to these brief chapters upon Chemistry, we said that the 

 science was divided into two sections, the first section consisting of the 

 simple combinations, and the other of compound combinations. The latter 

 being met with chiefly in animal and vegetable matter, as distinguished from 

 dead or inert matter, was termed Organic. This distinction will be seen 

 below. 



COMBINATIONS OF SIMPLE 

 GROUPS. 



INORGANIC. 



I. Elements and their Combinations. 



(1) Non-Metallic. 



(2) Metallic. 



II. Peculiar Decompositions of the above. 



(1) By Electricity. 



(2) By Light. 



COMBINATIONS OF COMPOUND 

 GROUPS. 



ORGANIC. 



I. Compound Radicals and their Combina- 

 tions. 



II. Peculiar Decompositions of the above. 



(1) Spontaneous. 



(2) Dry Distillation. 



We have already placed before our readers the elements and their simple 

 combinations, and* have incidentally mentioned the decomposition by elec- 

 tricity and by light. In the section upon Electricity the positive and negative 

 poles are explained. Oxygen appears always at the positive pole, potassium 

 at the negative. The other simple bodies vary. Chlorine, in combination 

 with oxygen, is evolved at the negative pole, but when with hydrogen at the 

 positive pole. In the series below each element behaves eltetio?iugaiivefy 

 to those following it, and electvo-positively to those above it ; and the farther 

 they are apart the stronger their opposite affinities are. 



ELECTRICAL RELATION OF THE ELEMENTS. 



Oxygen. 



Sulphur. 



Nitrogen. 



Chlorine. 



Bromine. 



Iodine. 



Fluorine. 



Phosphorus. 



Arsenic. 



Carbon. 



Chromium. 



Boron. 



Antimony. 



Silicium. 



Gold. 



Platinum. 



Mercury. 



Silver. 



Copper. 



Bismuth.x 



Lead. 



Cobalt. 



Nickel. 



Iron. 



Zinc. 



Hydrogen. 



Manganese. 



Aluminium. 



Magnesium. 



Calcium. 



Strontium. 



Barium. 



Sodium. 



Potassium. 



