THE AEROPHANE. 



449 



whole time the rudder restrains with perfect exactitude the ascending and 

 descending movements as they occur ; and we can plainly observe the 

 various oscillations like those of sparrows, or more especially woodpeckers, 

 At last, when the movements are coming to an end, the apparatus falls 

 gently to the ground in a slanting line. 



Fig 476. M. PenaudVAerophane." 



M. Penaud has also succeeded in constructing a mechanical bird, that 

 we have seen set in motion, which will continue flying for several seconds ; 

 we give an illustration of it in fig. 477. 



Another scientist, M. Tatin, has also produced some remarkable 

 results. His efforts have been unceasingly directed towards the reproduction 

 of the flight of a bird by means of more or less complicated arrangements. 

 He has endeavoured to discover in the small appliances made with india- 



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