686 



SCIENTIFIC RECREATIONS. 



Fig. 807. Capsule 

 (poppy). 



Fig. 808. Siliqua 

 (shepherd's purse, 

 wallflower). 



ally united (one-celled or unilocular capsule), or folded inwards towards the 

 axis, but without reaching it (spuriously multilocular capsule), or uniting 

 with the axis (bilocular, trilocular, multilocular capsule). 

 Examples of capsular fruit mignonnette, balsam, violet, 

 poppy, etc. 



5 . The siliqua or long pod is formed 

 of two carpels, and longitudinally divided 

 into two parts by a spurious dissepiment 

 called the replum; examples cabbages, 

 stock, wallflower, etc. The silicula is a 

 broad and short pod ; examples Iberis, 

 shepherd's-purse, etc. 



6. The cariopse (caryopsis, having 

 the appearance of a nut), is a mono- 



spermous or one-seeded fruit, with an indehiscent mem- 

 branous pericarp, closely investing the seed or incorporated with it ; 

 examples rye, wheat, and other grains. 



7. The achcenium is a dry, monospermous, indehiscent fruit 

 with one seed ; examples cashew, ranunculus, strawberry, etc. 



8. The nut or glans is a one-celled, indehiscent fruit, with a 

 hardened coriaceous or ligneous pericarp ; examples hazel-nut, 

 acorn, etc. The nucula, or little nut, is a cariopse, with a solid 

 coriaceous pericarp ; examples buckwheat hemp, etc. 



9. The berry (bacca) is a pulpy, succulent fruit, with soft rind ; 

 examples the gooseberry and the currant. Thepepo or peponida 

 (pumpkin), illustrated by the fruit of the gourd and melon, and 

 the Jtesperidium, illustrated by the fruit of the orange and lemon, 

 are modifications of the berry. 



10. The drupe (drupes, unripe olives); the mesocarp is generally 

 pulpy and succulent, the endocarp hard ; examples the cherry, he 

 peach, the plum, etc. 



1 1 . The pome (pomum, or apple) ; the outer parts of the peri- 

 carp form a thick cellular, eatable mass ; the endocarp (core) is scaly or 

 horny, and encloses the seeds within separate cells ; examples the apple, 



pear, etc. 



Fruits consisting of the floral envelopes and 

 the ovaries of several flowers united into one, are 

 termed multiple or anthocarpous ; the sorosis 

 (cluster-fruit : example the pine-apple, the bread- 

 fruit, the mulberry), the sycosis (fig-fruit), and the 

 strobilus (fir-cone), form varieties of the anthocarp- 

 ous or multiple fruit. Fig. 



Strawberry. 



nut) - NON-FLOWERING PLANTS. 



Caryopsis 

 (wheat). 



Fig. 810. Nut 

 (hazel-r 



The cryptogamia or acrogens is the botanical term for these plants, 



