DISEASES FROM MILK 17 



milk. The germs always escape from the sick 

 person in the bowel discharges or in the urine. 

 They may be carried by drainage into well-water 

 and by the water into pails, cans, and strainers, 

 or they may be carried by flies. Big epidemics 

 of typhoid fever in cities have often been traced 

 to milk from dairy farms where persons were 

 sick with typhoid. 



2. Sore Throat and Scarlet Fever. People used 

 to think sore throat and scarlet fever were dis- 

 eases sent by Providence to punish mankind. 

 Now we know that they often are caused by 

 bacteria in milk. Sore throat bacteria look like 

 a chain of beads, and for this reason are named, 

 "streptococcus," which is the Greek word for 

 chain of beads. Sore udders of cows nearly 

 always discharge bacteria like this in great num- 

 bers. Every epidemic of sore throat and scarlet 

 fever which has ever been traced to its source 

 has been found to have been caused by milk con- 

 taining such germs. Sore throats in dairy em- 

 ployees or sore udders in dairy cows may cause 

 big epidemics of sore throat among the persons 

 to whom the milk is sold. 



3. Tuberculosis. The examination in hospitals 

 of many hundreds of tuberculous children shows 



