Location and Form of Windows 115 



should not be large, not more than one to every 

 ten feet in length for a house twelve feet wide. These 

 should be placed on the south side and at such 

 distance from the floor as to allow the greatest 

 possible amount of sunshine to fall upon the floor 

 during the cold winter months. It is desirable to 

 have the windows of such size that one may be placed 

 in each division or pen. One square foot of window 

 opening for each fifteen to seventeen square feet of 

 floor-space will be quite sufficient under ordinary 

 conditions. In order to secure most sunshine on the 

 floor the windows should be so placed that their 

 greatest length is vertical. At noon, during the short- 

 est days of the year, in the latitude of New York 

 City, the sun's rays make about the same angle 

 with the horizon as that of a quarter pitch roof; that 

 is, an object one foot high would cast a shadow two 

 feet long. Then, if the bottom of the window be 

 placed eighteen inches from the floor, the sunshine 

 on the floor will be three feet from the side of the 

 building in which the window is placed. In cold 

 latitudes it is a common and somewhat serious mis- 

 take to use more windows than are absolutely needed 

 for the health and convenience of the fowls. While 

 sunlight is desirable, many windows make the 

 building cold, unless they are covered with shutters 

 or heavy curtains, during the severest weather. It 

 has been found that windows radiate about four 

 times as much heat as the same area of side walls 



