108 BUDDING AND GRAFTING 



the bark so the cions can be inserted, a longitudinal slit 

 should be. made both above and below the wounded area, at 

 the points where the cions are to be placed. The edge of 

 the bark should be slightly raised to. give a point of entrance 

 for the end of the cion. The cions must be cut two inches 

 longer than the space to be bridged. Each end of the cion 

 is bevelled off on one side, and the bevelled face is placed 



FIG. 48. Bridge grafting of a wounded trunk. 



against the wood of the limb. The cions are placed from one 

 and one-half to two inches apart. When the cions are in 

 place the whole surface should be covered with grafting 

 wax. 



Top Working of a Tree. The cleft graft and the bark 

 graft are the two forms of grafting used in the top working 

 of large trees. The cleft graft is by far the most important 

 and it is principally used in working over old trees. It is 



