v] TRANSFORMATIONS 35 



CHAPTER V 



TRANSFORMATIONS, OUTWARD AND INWARD 



WE are now in a position to study in some detail 

 the transformation of those insects whose life-story 

 corresponds more or less closely with that of the 

 butterfly, sketched in the opening pages of this little 

 book. In the case of some of the insects reviewed 

 in the last three chapters, the may-flies and cicads 

 for example, a marked difference between the larva 

 and the imago has been noticed; in others, as the 

 coccids, we find a resting instar before the winged 

 condition is assumed, suggesting the pupal stage in 

 the butterfly's life-story. 



The various insect orders whose members exhibit 

 no marked divergence between larva and imago (the 

 Orthoptera for example) are often said to undergo 

 no transformation, to be 'Ametabola.' Those with 

 life-stories such as the dragon-flies' are said to undergo 

 partial transformation, and are termed 'Hemimeta- 

 bola.' Moths, caddis-flies, beetles, two- winged flies, 

 saw-flies, ants, wasps, bees, and the great majority of 

 insects, having the same type of life-story as the 

 butterfly, are said to undergo complete transforma- 

 tion and are classed as 'Metabola' or 'Holometabola.' 



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