vi] LARVAE AND THEIR ADAPTATIONS 53 



and the cuticle of their somewhat stout bodies is, for 

 the most part, pale and flexible ; only the head and 

 legs are hard and horny. Usually an evident corre- 

 spondence can be traced between the outward form 

 of any larva and its mode of life. For example, in 

 the family of the Leaf-beetles (Chrysomelidae) some 

 larvae feed openly on the foliage of trees or herbs, 



Fig. 14. (a) Willow-beetle (Phyllodecta vulga- 

 tissima) and its larva (6). Magnified 5 

 times. After Carpenter, Econ. Proc. R. 

 Dublin Soc. vol. i. 



while others burrow into the plant tissues. The 

 exposed larvae of the Willow-beetles (Phyllodecta, 

 fig. 14) have their somewhat abbreviated body seg- 

 ments protected by numerous spine-bearing, firm tu- 

 bercles. But the grub of the 'Turnip Fly ' (Phyllotreta) 



