vi] LARVAE AND THEIR ADAPTATIONS 65 



transition between the caterpillar and the legless 

 grub. For example, the giant saw-flies (so called 

 'Wood- wasps') have larvae that burrow in timber, 

 and these larvae possess relatively large heads, some- 

 what flattened bodies with pointed tail-end, and very 

 greatly reduced legs. The feeble legless grub, cha- 

 racteristic of the remaining families of the Hymeno- 

 ptera, is provided for in a well-nigh endless variety of 



an e 



CO 



Fig. 18. Young Larva (FL), Full-grown Larva (SL) and Pupa (N) of 

 Hive-bee (Apis nullified), co, cocoon; sp, spiracles; ce t eye; 

 an, feeler ; m, mandible ; t, labium. Magnified 4 times. After 

 Cheshire, Bees. 



ways. The female iniago among these insects is 

 furnished with an elaborate and beautifully formed 

 ovipositor, and the act of egg-laying is usually in 

 itself a provision for the offspring. Gall-flies pierce 

 plant-tissues within which their grubs find shelter 

 and food, the plant responding to the irritation due 

 c. i. 5 



