CHAPTER XVI 



Representative Lamarckians of To-day 



Cope's theory. — Physiogenesis and kinetogenesis ; the mechanical 

 origin of certain structures: muscular tissue, the columella 

 of gastropods, the astragalus, the vertebral column. — On- 

 togenetic differentiation; bathmism. — The energetic point of 

 view. — Le Dantec's theories. — Functional assimilation; or- 

 ganic beings as units; hereditary transmission. — Lamarck- 

 ians of the vitalist school. — A parallel between Darwinism 

 and Lamarckism. 



THE absence of dogmatism which characterises 

 the Lamarckian tendency and also the large 

 number o£ books containing fragmentary details of 

 the Lamarckian creed makes it rather difficult for the 

 historian to list all the modern exponents of La- 

 marckism. 



One of the first naturalists to approach. ±he problem 

 of evolution from the Lamarckian view-point was 

 Herbert Spencer, who, from the very beginning, at- 

 tributed much importance to the influence of the 



environment and placed ...jtj^j^edttar^_ transmission 

 of environmental effects on a par with, if not above 



Ml "" 



