322 THE THEORIES OF EVOLUTION 



who is one of its warmest partisans. He enumerates 

 the advantages which the new conception presents as 

 follows : 



"1. Since the mutations appear fully formed from 

 the beginning, there is no difficulty in accounting for 

 the incipient stages in the development of an organ, 

 and since the organ may persist, even when it has no 

 value to the race, it may become further developed by 

 later mutations and may come to have finally an im- 

 portant relation to the life of the individual." 



"2. The new mutations may appear in large num- 

 bers, and of the different kinds, those will persist that 

 can get a foothold. On account of the large number 

 of times that the same mutations appear, the danger 

 of becoming swamped through crossing with the orig- 

 inal form will be lessened in proportion to the number 

 of new individuals that arise." 



"3. If the time of reaching maturity in the new 

 form is different from that in the parent forms, then 

 the new species will be kept from crossing with the 

 parent form, and since this new character will be 

 present from the beginning, the new form will have 

 much better chances of surviving than if a difference 

 in time of reaching maturity had to be gradually ac- 

 quired." 



"4. The new species that appears may be in some 

 cases already adapted to live, in a different environ- 

 ment from that occupied by the parent form; and if 



