CONCLUSION 345 



the evidence as to the psychical bonds which unite men 

 and the animals, Darwin stated that nature's law is 

 not merciless strife, but solidarity and mutual aid. 



It is evident that Darwin's followers have wandered 

 away from orthodox Darwinism. It is hard to under- 

 stand why naturalists like Wallace should, in 

 wrestling with this problem, draw a sharp line between 

 man and the rest of the animal world. Wallace points 

 out that ever since man became a separate species in 

 the animal kingdom, he has added instincts of soli- 

 darity and sympathy to the weapons of fight charac- 

 teristic of other animal species. It is not upon 

 physical characters but upon these instincts that nat- 

 ural selection is based, as far as man is concerned; 

 adaptation in man is not physical but ethical and intel- 

 lectual. This implies, from Wallace's point of view, 

 that the life and death struggle is the sole law of the 

 rest of the organic world and that the feelings of 

 solidarity and sympathy we observe in man have no 

 phylogenetic origin. Wallace is convinced that man, 

 by the superiority of his intelligence and of his moral 

 sentiments, has raised himself above the laws that rule 

 the animal world. Man is in a class by himself and 

 this belief leads Wallace to draw purely spiritualistic 

 conclusions. 4 



The question thus presented could not be solved 

 satisfactorily and this artificial difficulty is responsible 



4 A. R. Wallace. Natural Selection, p. 332 and following. 



