Instinct and Intelligence 155 



utility of the enquiry, a passage necessary enough in 

 these days of prej udice, but now chiefly with historical 

 interest : 



" It will be admitted that some knowledge of mau's position 

 in the animate world is an indispensable preliminary to the 

 proper understanding of his relations to the universe ; and this 

 again resolves itself in the long run into an enquiry into the 

 nature and the closeness of the ties which connect him with 

 those singular creatures whose history has been sketched iu the 

 preceding pages. 



" The importance of such an enquirj^ is, indeed, intuitively 

 manifest. Brought face to face with these blurred copies of 

 himself, the least thoughtful of men is conscious of a certain 

 shock ; due perhaps not so much to disgust at the aspect of 

 what looks like an insulting caricature, as to the awakening of 

 a sudden and profound mistrvist of time-honoured theories and 

 strongly rooted prejudices regarding his own position in nature, 

 and his relations to the underworld of life ; while that which 

 remains a dim suspicion for the unthinking, becomes a vast 

 argument, fraught with the deepest consequences, for all who 

 are acquainted with the recent progress of the anatomical and 

 physiological sciences." 



Htixley then proceeded to elaborate the argtiment 

 from development for the essential identity of man and 

 the apes. This argument has now become more or 

 less familiar to us all, as it has gained additional sup- 

 port from recent extension of embr}'ological knowledge, 

 and as it has been used in ever}- work on evoltition 

 since Huxley first laid stress on it. The adult forms 

 of animals are much more complex than their embry- 

 onic stages, and the series of changes passed through in 

 attaining the adult condition make up the embryologi- 

 cal history of the animal. Huxley took the embryology 

 of the dog as an example of the process in the higher 

 animals generallj', and as it had been worked out in 



