CHAPTER XI 



GENERAL PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION 



Establishment of Compulsory Education in England — The 

 Religious Controversy — Huxley Advocates the Bible with- 

 out Theology — His Compromise on the " Cowper-Temple " 

 Clause — Influence of the New Criticism — Science and Art 

 Instruction — Training of Teachers — University Education 

 — The Baltimore Address — Technical Education — So-called 

 "Applied Science" — National Systems of Education as 

 " Capacity-Catchers." 



IN the last chapter, the special relation of Huxley to 

 scientific education was described, and, naturally 

 enough, it is in special connection with scientific edu- 

 cation that his influence is best known. But he was 

 keenly interested in all the larger problems of general, 

 university, and technical education, and he played a 

 great part in- shaping the lines upon which the.se 

 problems have been solved in England. 



In the years immediatel)^ before 1870, all England 

 was wrestling with the great problem of elementary 

 education, in the arrangements for which it was far 

 behind not only the leading European countries but 

 even its sister-kingdom, Scotland. In 1870 there came 

 into operation an Act of Parliament for the regula- 

 tion of elementary education under the stipervision 

 of locally elected .school boards. Hitherto elementary 



