-8- 



nitrate-N were significantly higher in burned 

 soils than unburned. Continued increase in 

 nitrate-N occurred throughout the growing season 

 on burned areas. Nitrate was also leached from 

 shrubs on unburned soils. 



17. Clayton, J.L. 1976. Nutrient gains to adjacent 

 ecosystems during a forest fire: an evaluation. 

 Forest Sci. 22:162-166. 



Precipitation falling through smoke was collected 

 at sites adjacent to a forest fire in central 

 Idaho. Concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg , and total 

 N were 20 to 70 times greater than that in normal 

 precipitation. Annual gains to the adjacent 

 ecosystem by this means would be 1-4% of the total 

 annual gain, and probably does not represent an 

 important input. 



18. Czapowskyj, M.M. , R.V. Rourke, and R.M. Frank. 

 1977. Strip clearcutting did not degrade the site 

 in a spruce-fir forest in central Maine. USDA 

 For. Serv. Res. Pap. NE-367. Northeast For. 

 Exp. Sta., Upper Darby, Pa. 



Nutrient concentrations were determined in forest 

 floor and mineral soil 8 years after clearcutting 

 and slash disposal treatments. Effects from 

 burning slash were compared to leaving slash or 

 removal by skidding, as well as to an undisturbed 

 control. Variability due to differences in site 

 soil and drainage characteristics was usually 

 greater than differences due to treatments. Most 

 of the data pertained to poorly drained sites. 

 There were no significant differences among 

 treatments by multivariate analysis, but burning 

 tended to have less effect than slash removal by 

 skidding. 



19. DeBano, L.F. and C.E. Conrad. 1978. The effect 

 of fire on nutrients in a chaparral ecosystem. 

 Ecol. 59:489-497. 



Effects of fire on nutrient distribution among 

 plants, litter, and soil in California were 

 studied before and after burning using paired 

 plots. About 66% of plant material was consumed 

 by burning where flame temperatures were greater 

 than 1000 C in the canopy. While o.m. was 

 reduced an average of 46%, reduction ranged from 

 to 76%. Losses of N and K were detected, but no 

 significant changes in P, Ca, Na , or pH occurred. 



