-9- 



Some additional K, Ca, Mg , and Na were lost 

 through runoff and erosion after fire. 



20. DeBano, L.F., L.D. Mann, and D.A. Hamilton. 1970. 



Translocation of hydrophobic substances into soil 

 by burning organic litter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 

 Proc. 34:130-133. 



Substances distilled downward from a burned 

 litter layer in California chaparral and induced 

 greater water-repellency in sandy soils than in 

 fine-textured soils. Laboratory apparatus was 

 used to heat soils to prescribed temperatures and 

 water-repellency was assessed by contact angles. 



21. DeBano, L.F. and R.M. Rice. 1973. Water 



repellent soils: their implication in forestry. 

 J. Forestry 71: 220-223. 



Water repellent soils are likely to be present in 

 most vegetation types, and to be increased by 

 burning. Hotter fires induce repellency in 

 subsurface areas, resulting in all subsequent 

 water retention concentrated in the top soil 

 layer. Excess erosion and runoff could occur. 

 Mechanical and chemical treatment to diminish 

 repellency had only minor success. 



22. DeBell, D.S. and C.W. Ralston. 1970. Release of 

 nitrogen by burning light forest fuels. Soil Sci. 

 Soc. Am. Proc. 34:936-938. 



Smoke from burning loblolly pine litter was 

 analyzed for ammonium and nitrates; no ammonium 

 was detected. Most of the 62% of the total N that 

 was released was thought to have been volatilized 

 as nitrogen gas. Only a small amount of the N 

 could be returned to soil through precipitation 

 and made available for tree growth. 



23. DeByle, N.V. 1976. Soil fertility as affected by 

 broadcast burning following clearcutting in 

 Northern Rocky Mountain larch/fir forests. p. 

 447-464 iji Proceedings, 14th Annual Tall Timbers 

 Fire Ecology Conference. Tall Timbers Research 

 Sta., Tallahassee, Florida. 



Comparison was made between wildfire conditions 

 and logging and slash burning conditions. After 

 wildfire, pH increased initially, then decreased 

 slightly after 2 years; pH increased gradually 

 over 2 years on the logged and burned site. No 



