-11- 



amounts of burned pine litter (products of 

 decomposition and possibly fungal mycelia). Use 

 of wetting agents did not improve soil 

 wettability. 



28. Fuller, W.H., S. Shannon, and P.S. Burgess. 1955. 

 Effects of burning on certain forest soils of 

 northern Arizona. Forest Sci. 1:44-50. 



Effects of light controlled burning, uncontrolled 

 (severe) burning and slash burning were compared. 

 Severe burning resulted in weaker soil structure, 

 and compaction of surface soil by raindrop action. 

 Soil pH , concentrations of available P, 

 exchangeable Na, K, Ca, and soluble salts 

 increased. Organic carbon and C/N ratio 

 decreased. The ratio of bacteria to funqi 

 increased. 



29. Gagnon, J.D. 1965. Nitrogen deficiency in the York 

 River burn, Gaspe, Quebec. Plant and Soil 

 23:49-59. 



Twenty years after a severe spruce forest fire, 

 soil pH was .6 to .8 unit lower than the pH of 

 4.6-4.8 in a non-burned control area. Total N was 

 80% lower, and P was 70-90% lower than in the 

 non-burned area. K was lower in the A2 , but twice 

 as high in the B2; Ca and Mg were greater in the 

 burned soil. Vegetation on the burned site was 

 confined to lichens which contained relatively 

 high concentrations of N, K, Ca, and Mg . 



30. Grier, C. C. 1975. Wildfire effects on nutrient 

 distribution and leaching in a coniferous 

 ecosystem. Can J. For. Res. 5:599-607. 



In central Washington, intense fire burned nearly 

 all surface organic material, leaving a surface 

 ash layer. Losses of Ca and Mg were small 

 relative to N and K. Nitrogen decreased in 

 surface soil but increased in subsoil. Total N 

 lost from the site was proportional to the loss of 

 fuel dry weight. Little change was found in 

 nutrient status of mineral soil. 



31. Grigal, D.F. and J.G. McColl. 1975. Litter fall 

 after wildfire in virgin forests of northeastern 

 Minnesota. Can. J. For. Res. 5:655-661. 



After a spring wildfire, more litter fell in 

 burned areas than in unburned due to conifer 



