-21- 



65. Stark, N.M. 1977. Fire and nutrient cycling in a 

 Douglas-fir/larch forest. Ecol. 58: 16-30. 



Prescribed burning for fuel load reduction in 

 Montana produced temperatures reaching 300 C and 

 higher at the soil surface. Concentrations of Ca, 

 Mg , and nitrate were significantly higher in soil 

 water sampled with lysimeters after these burns. 

 Ca input by precipitation was enough to offset the 

 loss. Magnesium, however, was not replenished by 

 rainfall. In general, anions moved into soil more 

 slowly than cations. Fall burns were hotter than 

 spring, and effects were generally proportional to 

 burn intensity. Litter decomposition rate 

 increased slightly on severely burned sites. Fe, 

 Al , and Mn increased in soil water. 



66. Sweeney, J.R. and H.H. Biswell. 1961. 

 Quantitative studies of the removal of litter and 

 duff by fire under controlled conditions. Ecol. 

 42:572-575. 



Litter was removed and measured, then replaced 

 before broadcast burning in a ponderosa pine 

 forest type in California. Average loss was 75% 

 of the 01 and 23% of the 02; remaining litter was 

 enough to cover the soil. Percentage loss 

 increased with the amount available; other 

 factors were temperature, humidity, wind, and 

 slope. 



67. Tarrant, R.F. 1956. Effects of slash burning on 

 some soils of the Douglas-fir region. Soil Sci. 

 Soc. Am. Proc. 20:408-411. 



Severe burning amounted to 2.8% of total area, 

 light burn, 46.95%, and unburned, 47.15%. Soil 

 responses to burning depended on these varying 

 burn intensity areas and soil texture. Change in 

 pH after burning was typically from pH 4.4 to 7.2 

 and was still higher than unburned 4 years later. 

 Light burning stimulated nitrification and 

 increased acid-soluble P and exchangeable K. 

 Severe burning strongly reduced N content, but 

 increased P and K more than light burning. CEC 

 was not effected by light burning but was strongly 

 reduced by severe burning. No differences were 

 found in seedling growth on burned and unburned 

 soils. One and 2 year-old seedlings grown on 

 burned soil had 20% "less ectomycorrhizae. 



