- 59 - 



Selected References 



Fernald, M. L. and K. M. Wiegand. 1914. The genus Ru ppia in 

 eastern North America. Rhodora 16: 119-127. 



Graves, A. H. 1908. The morphology of Ru ppia mar itima . Trans. 

 Connecticut Acad. Arts 14: 59-170. 



Richardson, F. D. in press. Ecology of Ru ppia maritima L. in 

 New Hampshire (U.S.A.) tidal marshes. Rhodora 82. 



Setchell, W. A. 1924. Ru ppia and its environmental factors. 

 Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A. 10: 286-288. 



ZANNICHELLIACEAE 



Zannichellia (Horned Pondweed) 



Submersed plants of saline waters along the coast or 

 highly alkaline waters inland; arising from rhizomes; leaves 

 linear, opposite to subopposite; fruits axillary on short 

 stalks, usually below the surface. 



1. Zannichellia palustr is L. Fig. 38, Map 38 



Uncommon in saline waters along the coast with scattered 

 locations in alkaline waters, mainly in the Lake Champlain 

 Valley of Vermont. Includes the broader-leaved variety ma jor 

 (Boenn.) W. D. J. Koch. Range extends from eastern Quebec west 

 to Alaska, south throughout the United States to Mexico in 

 saline or alkaline waters. 



Rare and endangered plant lists: Maine, Vermont, Connecticut 



alkalinity: mean 13.5 mg/1; range 7.5-19.5 mg/1 



pH: mean 6.9; range 6.5-7.2 



chloride: mean 693.6 mg/1; range 185.0-1201.6 mg/1 



