766 ETHYL. 



The vapour of ether is very heavy, its density being 2586 

 (Gay-Lussac) 5 it contains 8 volumes of carbon vapour, 10 

 volumes of hydrogen, and 1 volume of oxygen, condensed into 

 2 volumes, which form its combining measure, and give as its 

 theoretical density 2583. 



Ether left a long time in contact with water, combines with 

 it and forms alcohol. It combines with acids, and forms both 

 neutral and acid salts ; the first class of salts are the compound 

 ethers, and the last bear the name of viriic acids. 



CHLORIDE OF ETHYL, OR HYDROCLORtC ETHER. 



Its formula is C 4 H 5 C1=EC1. To prepare this ether, alcohol 

 is saturated with hydrochloric acid gas, and the solution distilled 

 by a water-bath heat ; the product is conducted into a bottle 

 containing some water and surrounded by water at the tempe- 

 rature of 70 or 80, and thence into another receiver surrounded 

 by ice. To free it from water and alcohol, the product is di- 

 gested with chloride of calcium in a bottle surrounded by ice. 

 The liquid is decanted, after twenty-four hours, into phials, 

 with well ground stoppers, which are kept inverted. 



Hydrochloric ether is a highly volatile liquid, boiling at 52, 

 of a penetrating aromatic and slightly alliaceous odour. Its 

 density is 0.874 at 41, it is neutral to test paper, dissolves in 

 twenty-four parts of water, and gives a solution that is not pre- 

 cipitated by nitrate of silver. When treated with chlorine, it 

 gives hydrochloric acid, and a series of compounds to which 

 reference has already been made (page 718). 



Bromide of ethyl, C 4 H 5 Br=EBr, was discovered by Serullas, 

 and is formed by distilling a mixture of 1 part of bromine, 4 of 

 alcohol, and I -8th of phosphorus. It is a colourless and very 

 volatile liquid, denser than water. 



Iodide of ethyl, C 4 H 5 I=EI, may be obtained by distilling 

 alcohol, saturated with hydriodic acid gas. It is a colourless 

 liquid, of density 1.9206, which boils at 161. (7l. 5 cent.) 



Sulphur et of ethyl, C 4 H 5 S ES, is formed by transmitting 

 the vapour of hydrochloric ether through the proto-sulphuret of 

 potassium ; chloride of potassium precipitates, the sulphuret of 

 ethyl is dissolved by the liquid, or distils over if the latter is 

 kept warm. It is a colourless liquid, of a disagreeable allia- 



