778 ETHYL. 



distils without change at 356o (180 cent.). Urethane may be 

 considered as a chloroxicarbonic ether, in which the chlorine is 

 replaced by amidogen, C 4 H 5 O + C 2 O 3 (NH 2 ). It may also be 

 looked upon as the product of the combination of 2 atoms of 

 carbonic ether with 1 atom of urea, 2C 5 H 5 O 3 -f-C 2 O 2 ,N 2 H 4 , 

 the consideration which induced M. Dumas to give it the name 

 of urethane. 



Some other compound ethers or neutral salts of oxide of ethyl 

 will be described under their respective acids. 



TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE BODIES CONTAINING ETHYL. 



The compound of alcohol and chloride of zinc was found by 

 M. Masson to give ether and water when heated to 284, and 

 at a higher temperature, between 320 and 392, two liquid hy- 

 drocarbons; one boiling at 212 represented by C 8 H 7 , and the 

 other boiling at 572 (300 cent.) C 8 H 9 ; the sum of which is 

 C 16 H 16 , exactly the composition of defiant gas. The liquid long 

 known as oil of wine is probably one of these hydrocarbons. 

 It is found in the retort from which a considerable quantity of 

 crude ether has been distilled off lime. 



Sulphate of oxide of ethyl and of etherole, C 4 H 5 O,C 4 H 4 + S 2 O 6 , 

 long known as the sweet oil of wine or the heavy oil of wine. 

 This compound arises from the decomposition of the neutral 

 sulphate of oxide of ethyl, which cannot exist in an isolated 

 state, and is best obtained by distilling 3 atoms of the sulpho- 

 vinate of lime with 1 atom of caustic lime ; these give 1 atom 

 of sulphate of oxide of ethyl and etherole, 1 atom of alcohol, 

 and 4 atoms of sulphate of lime. The sulphate of oxide of 

 ethyl and of etherole is a colourless oily and aromatic liquid, 

 of density 1.33, boiling at 536 (280 cent.), and capable of being 

 distilled without alteration, if free from water. It is decomposed 

 by water and by acids into sulphovinic acid and etherole. 

 Etherole, first observed by Mr. Hennel, and sometimes called 

 the light oil of wine, is an oily liquid, of density 0.91 7, boiling 

 at 536. Etherole submitted to a low temperature, deposits 

 crystals of etherine, which are long prisms of great lustre, fusing 

 at 230 and boiling at 500 (260 cent.) ; of density 0.980. These 

 two compounds are isomeric, and consist of carbon and hydro- 

 gen, in the same proportions as in olefiantgas. 



Ethionic and isethionic acids, produced by M. Magnus, by 



