132 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



tory area, and plates are prepared from the fluid that 

 escapes ; or four or five obliquely solidified gelatin-tubes or 

 agar-tubes are smeared therewith. In this way, in most cases, 

 individual colonies of streptococci will be obtained probably 

 in the first tube, and with certainty in the remaining tubes. 

 Specific Treatment of Erysipelas and of Streptococ- 

 cus-diseases Generally. Marmorek increased the viru- 

 lence of streptococci, which are readily attenuated in artificial 

 culture, by cultivating them in bouillon to which sterile 

 horse -serum had been added. With progressively increas- 

 ing doses of the highly virulent cultures thus obtained he 

 immunized horses, whose serum was then reported to exhibit 

 immunizing and curative properties with relation to all strep- 

 tococcus-infections also in human beings. Petruschky, who 

 repeated the experiments of Marmorek, was, however, unable 

 to confirm his conclusions. The serum of Marmorek 

 obtained from the Pasteur Institute possessed neither im- 

 munizing nor therapeutic activity, also in observations made 

 upon human beings. The streptococcus of Marmorek was 

 most highly virulent for rabbits, but not for human beings. 



PHLEBITIS AND LYMPHANGITIS. 



Lymphangitis, which arises from some peripheral in- 

 flammation or suppuration in some cases not demonstra- 

 ble is attended with the presence of the exciting agents 

 just described, the pyogenic cocci, and at times with that 

 of the bacterium coli. Also, the infectious form of phlebitis, 

 which occurs as an associated manifestation of numerous in- 

 fectious diseases/may be caused by the same microorganisms 

 as give rise to the original disease. Thus, for instance, tuber- 

 cle-bacilli have been found in the phlebitides of tuberculous 

 individuals, and the streptococcus pyogenes in the phleg- 

 masia alba dolens of puerperal women. More frequently, 

 however, the inflammation of the vein is the expression of 

 a secondary infection, and, therefore, its causes are, as a 

 rule, found to be the common pyogenic cocci. The bac- 

 terial inflammation of the vein or the lymphatics leads to 

 the formation of a bacteria-containing thrombus. This 

 may be conceived as originating from adhesion of the micro- 

 organisms circulating in the vessel to a projecting point of 

 its wall, or of a valve, or from the penetration by the bacteria 

 of the wall of the vessel from without through the interme- 



