OCCURRENCE OF CAUSATIVE AGENTS. 133 



diation of the vasa vasorum. In the bacteriologic examina- 

 tion of the thrombus it is important to know that the bac- 

 teria are to be found only in the oldest, first-formed portion 

 thereof, and on the corresponding portion of the wall of the 

 vessel. The central and peripheral portions of the thrombus 

 that subsequently form mechanically are often sterile. 



INFLAMMATIONS OF THE NOSE AND THROAT. 



In the secretions in cases of acute rhinitis, pharyn- 

 gitis, and laryngitis, staphylococci and streptococci have 

 been found, and also pneumococci and pneumobacilli, the 

 last most frequently in the nose. 



In cases of fibrinous rhinitis diphtheria-bacilli have been 

 found repeatedly. In other cases their demonstration was 

 not successful, so that it is not certain whether all cases of 

 croupous rhinitis are to be considered as instances of diph- 

 theria. 



Ozena. From the nasal crusts in cases of ozena a micro- 

 organism has been cultivated by various observers (Lowen- 

 berg, Abel, Paulsen), which presents so close a resem- 

 blance to the bacillus pneumoniae Friedlander that a detailed 

 description will not be necessary. The cultures are slimy 

 and viscid, form comparatively little gas, and do not cause 

 coagulation in milk. That this so-called ozena-bacillus is 

 the cause of the disease is scarcely probable. The char- 

 acteristic odor of ozena is wanting in all of the cultures. 

 Further, the bacillus is never found in the diseased struc- 

 tures of the nose, but only in the secretions whose peculiar 

 putrid decomposition it may possibly cause. For the 

 present, the ozena-bacillus may be considered a variety of 

 Friedlander's bacillus, slightly modified in consequence of 

 the peculiar conditions related to the ozenous nose. 



Rhinoscleroma. Also the bacilli found in rhinosclero- 

 matous tumors resemble Friedlander's bacilli. They in- 

 duce fermentation of sugar and of milk, though in slighter 

 degree than the pneumobacillus. On potatoes an often 

 invisible, at times brown, gas-forming coating occurs. In 

 the tissues the bacilli are found almost exclusively in the 

 cells, in which they displace the nucleus and the proto- 

 plasm to one side, themselves almost entirely filling the 

 whole cell (Mikulicz). 



Noma. Schimmelbusch described special noma-bacilli. 



