ANTHRAX. 297 



considerable number only before the wall of leukocytes 

 that separates the eschar from the subjacent tissues. They 

 surround the hair-follicles and the sweat-glands, but their 

 distribution bears no relation to the blood-vessels. 



The infiltrates in cases of intestinal anthrax are, both 

 histologically and bacteriologically, to be placed upon the 

 same plane as malignant pustule. The mesenteric glands 

 are swollen and filled with the parasites. 



In cases of pulmonary anthrax if a local lesion has 

 developed, the bacilli are found in the perivascular lymph- 

 spaces. If a lesion is wanting at the portal of entry, the 

 swollen bronchial glands nevertheless constantly contain 

 the bacilli. 



Death occurs in every variety of anthrax, usually as a 

 result of general infection. In addition to the blood the 

 parasites pass over into the milk, the bile, the saliva, and 

 the feces. They are found less commonly in the urine. 



Toxins of Anthrax-bacilli. Practically nothing is 

 known with regard to the metabolic products of the anthrax- 

 bacillus. Hankin obtained a toxic albumose from pure 

 cultures. With regard to the relation between this albumin- 

 ous substance and the actual anthrax-toxin, the same state- 

 ment may be made as that with regard to the toxalbumins 

 of Brieger and Frankel (pp. 29, 30). 



Mixed Infection. In cases of anthrax mixed infection 

 is not without significance. The limiting suppuration, 

 which brings about the exfoliation of the malignant pus- 

 tule or of the intestinal filtrate, may be excessive and give 

 rise to phlegmons and to septicemia or pyemia ; many a pa- 

 tient who has survived the anthrax-infection proper has died 

 later of these secondary suppurative processes. From the 

 blood and from the internal viscera staphylococci and 

 streptococci may then be cultivated. 



Heredity. In the case of anthrax it has been demon- 

 strated experimentally that the bacillus passes from the 

 mother to the fetus only when changes have taken place in 

 the placenta minimal hemorrhages will suffice. Intrauter- 

 ine infection with anthrax has also been observed in human 

 beings (Marchand). As bearing upon the question whether 

 the fetus in utero may infect its mother, the experiments of 

 Lingard are interesting. This observer infected rabbit- 

 fetuses in utero with anthrax. As a rule, the mothers were 

 not infected, but they later proved immune to the disease, 



