300 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



a prognostic rule clinically, peculiarly in the case of anthrax, 

 that complete apyrexia is a sign of ill omen. 



Pasteur's method of. vaccination confers complete and se- 

 cure protection against subcutaneous anthrax. As to its 

 protective power with regard to field-anthrax, opinions have 

 differed. Koch, L6 frier, and GafTky express themselves 

 with some reserve in this connection. They do not believe 

 that the protective inoculation confers absolute immunity to 

 intestinal anthrax. Statistics, however, appear unquestion- 

 ably to favor the view of Pasteur. Since the practice of 

 vaccinating the herds has been instituted in France, the 

 mortality from anthrax among grazing cattle has been 

 materially reduced. 



The blood-serum of animals immunized to anthrax does 

 not, so far as is known, transmit immunizing properties to 

 other animals. 



Prophylaxis. The prophylaxis against anthrax consists 

 in rendering innocuous the bodies of animals and human 

 beings dead from the disease. This end is attained in the 

 simplest manner by incinerating the bodies as a whole. 

 The danger of infection, however, is maintained by the 

 introduction and manipulation of suspicious material (hair, 

 wool, rags, leather) from foreign countries in .which the 

 sanitary precautions observed by most intelligent nations 

 are not enforced. In England, the home of wool-sorter's 

 disease, regulations have been put in force requiring that 

 wool, which is derived principally from Asia, should be 

 boiled before it is assorted. Since, the disease has mate- 

 rially diminished. In the same spirit the disinfection of 

 skins, hair, wool, etc., of suspicious origin should be 

 everywhere insisted upon before being manipulated. 



GLANDERS. 



The exciting agent of glanders was discovered in 1882 

 by Loffler and Schiitz. 



Morphology of the Glanders-bacilli. The glanders- 

 bacilli are small, slender, nonmotile rods, at times curved, with 

 rounded extremities, from 2 to 3 n long, and from 0.2 to 

 o-4/jt thick. ' As a rule, they lie singly. The question whether 

 glanders-bacilli form spores is still an open one, though answered 

 in the affirmative by Baumgarten and Rosenthal, who succeeded 

 in staining spores, and in the negative by most observers, because 



