302 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



Resistance of Glanders-bacilli. For the continued 

 cultivation of glanders-bacilli it is important to know that 

 the organisms rapidly undergo natural attenuation as early 

 as the fourth or fifth generation. If, therefore, it is desired 

 to obtain virulent bacilli, it is necessary to interpolate inocu- 

 lations of animals every two or three culture-generations. 



In the dry state the glanders-bacilli, according to Loffler, 

 retain their vitality for three months. Other observers, 

 however, have found them dead within ten days when dried 

 in a thin layer. Toward heat the glanders-bacilli prove 

 quite resistant. They are destroyed in two minutes at a 

 temperature of 100 C. (212 F.) ; in five minutes at a 

 temperature of 80 C. (176 F.) ; in fifteen minutes by 

 I : 1000 mercuric chlorid ; and in an hour by five per 

 cent, carbolic acid. 



Susceptibility of Animals to Glanders. Among do- 

 mestic animals there are susceptible in diminishing degree 

 asses, mules, horses, goats, cats, sheep, dogs, swine. 

 Cattle are immune. Among experimental animals field- 

 mice, wood-mice, and guinea-pigs exhibit the most pro- 

 nounced, and rabbits a much slighter, predisposition. 

 White mice and domestic mice prove entirely insusceptible 

 to glanders. If, however, white mice are previously pois- 

 oned with phloridzin, they succumb to infection with 

 glanders (Leo). Birds, with the exception of pigeons, are 

 refractory to glanders. In all animals glanders is at first 

 a local disease, but later it becomes generalized and attacks 

 all of the viscera. 



Occurrence and Distribution of the Bacilli in the 

 Products of the Disease. From a pathologic-anatomic 

 standpoint glanders belongs to the group of diseases that, 

 like tuberculosis, give rise to the formation of nodules 

 that exhibit a marked tendency to disintegration and 

 softening. The small, often only submiliary, grayish new- 

 formations consist of epithelioid cells and mainly of leuko- 

 cytes. The glanders-bacilli are present especially at the 

 center of the granulations. They are demonstrable with 

 difficulty by staining. The best mode of procedure con- 

 sists in placing the sections for from six to eight hours in 

 carbol-methylene-blue (methylene-blue I, absolute alcohol 

 10 cu. cm., carbolic acid, 5 per cent., 100 cu. cm.) or car- 

 bolfuchsin, next decolorizing in dilute acetic acid, and then 

 in distilled water, drying upon a slide, and, after clearing in 



