GLANDERS. 303 



xylol, mounting the preparation in xylol Canada balsam. 

 The sections may also be treated according to Weigert's 

 method (p. 106), Loffler's alkaline methylene-blue solution 

 being selected for staining. In this way positive results 

 are obtained only with the relatively recent nodules. If 

 necrosis has taken place, the bacilli are only rarely found 

 in the products of disintegration. 



Experiments on Animals. Small numbers of bacilli 

 inoculated subcutaneously into susceptible animals (gener- 

 ally guinea-pigs or field-mice), or larger numbers rubbed 

 into the uninjured skin, cause death with considerable cer- 

 tainty. The mice die quickly within three or four days 

 and the spleen, the liver, and the lungs are filled with an 

 enormous number of nodules scarcely visible to the naked 

 eye. Guinea-pigs are better adapted for the study of the 

 course of infection. In them a local infection first develops, 

 an infiltration, that soon is converted into an ulcer with 

 indurated margins. Then follow swelling and suppuration 

 of the adjacent lymphatics and lymph-glands, and finally 

 general infection with the characteristic new-formations. 

 The process advances by way of the lymph -paths. Apart 

 from cases pursuing a very acute course, the blood almost 

 never contains the bacteria. The infection of the lymphatic 

 apparatus extends with exceeding rapidity. As early as 

 an hour after inoculation of a superficial skin- wound cauter- 

 ization of the latter will no longer suffice to prevent the 

 development of the disease. The urine, the seminal fluid, 

 the sweat, the saliva, and the aqueous humor of infected 

 animals may contain the parasites. The spleen and the 

 bile are said to be free from them. 



Portals of Entry For and Course of Glanders. In 

 human beings, who, in the vast majority of cases, are infected 

 by contact with horses suffering from glanders, the skin, with- 

 out doubt, constitutes the principal portal of infection. The 

 individuals in question, usually hostlers, coachmen, farmers, 

 cavalrymen, and the like, may be infected through the in- 

 termediation of the most superficial and most insignificant 

 wounds of the skin. Laboratory-infection with glanders, 

 in manipulating infective material and glanders-bacilli, 

 has been observed repeatedly. Infection sometimes takes 

 place also through the mucous membranes. Cases are on 

 record in which hostlers have acquired the disease by 

 drinking from the same pail as their sick horses, and the 



