304 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



like. Whether or not infection may take place by way of 

 the respiratory apparatus has not. yet been decided with 

 certainty. Nevertheless, it is remarkable that in horses 

 glanders, -in its initial stage, is seated in the nasal cavity 

 (glanders-ulcer). Bollinger believes that, especially in those 

 attacked by glanders who present general symptoms in 

 advance of the local manifestations, the virus has gained 

 entrance into the body through the respiratory passages. 

 The use of meat from animals suffering from glanders may, 

 likewise, give rise to the disease. At least a number of 

 feeding-experiments in animals are in favor of this view. 

 Such experiments have yielded positive results in cats, dogs, 

 lions, and bears. On the other hand, other experiments 

 with the feeding of glanders-material have yielded negative 

 results. The muscles themselves do not harbor the para- 

 sites, but rather the lymphatic vessels and glands lying 

 within them or near them. 



The clinical picture of glanders in human beings is a rather 

 variable one, in accordance with the site of infection. Usu- 

 ally there occurs locally at the portal of infection a swelling, 

 and this is soon followed by tumefaction and suppuration of 

 the neighboring lymphatics. Then multiple abscesses form 

 in the skin, the muscles, and the internal viscera, and often 

 suppuration takes place in joints. The clinical picture re- 

 sembles that of pyemia. Upon the mucous membranes, 

 and particularly in the nose, characteristic glanders-nodules 

 appear, which soon disintegrate and give rise to ulcers. 

 Death results from the general infection, which takes place 

 in human beings by way of the lymphatics. An acute and 

 a chronic variety of glanders have been observed. In the 

 former suppuration is the more likely to occur ; in the 

 latter so-called farcy tissue-proliferation is the more 

 conspicuous. 



Heredity. The transmission of glanders-bacilli from the 

 mother to the fetus has been observed repeatedly. The 

 following observation by Loffler is interesting. A female 

 guinea-pig that had recovered from inoculation with glan- 

 ders gave birth to offspring five months later. Apparently 

 healthy at birth, the young animal died of visceral glanders 

 at the age of a week. 



Bacteriologic Diagnosis of Glanders. The bacterio- 

 logic diagnosis has to contend with the difficulty that in the 

 course of suppurative destruction in the foci of disease the 



