338 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



true filamentous network will at once redevelop. The 

 peculiarities of the strep tothrices will be referred to in detail 

 in the discussion of actinomycosis. 



5. Oidia (segmented molds} are likewise simple in arrange- 

 ment. They also possess no special fruit-heads, the spores 

 being detached directly- from the fruit-bearers that arise 

 from out of the mycelium. Their most frequent represen- 

 tative is the oidium lactis, the white milk-mold, which 

 vegetates upon sour milk. The oidia form a transition to 

 the so-called budding fungi. 



The budding fungi or yeast-fungi are chlorophyl-free 

 cells of roundish or oval shape that multiply by budding 

 that is, a small, roundish, bud-like projection grows from 

 the periphery of the mother-cell and, gradually increasing 

 in size, assumes the shape of the mother- 

 cell, from which it ultimately becomes 

 detached. The newly formed cell under- 

 goes the same process. If the various 

 generations of cells remain attached to 

 one another, long rows of yeast-cells 

 result the so-called strings of buds. 

 Fig. 74. Yeast-fungi. Under special nutritive conditions for 

 instance, upon solid culture-media of 

 alkaline reaction or deficient in sugar the budding fungi 

 also form true mycelial threads. (See Thrush, p. 351.) 

 The best known of the budding fungi are the yeasts 

 (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and the mold of wine-must 

 (mycoderma vini). 



Filamentous and budding fungi flourish at room-temper- 

 ature. For their nutrition they require constantly pre- 

 formed organic substances, water, and, further, oxygen as 

 a rule ; a number of the filamentous fungi may develop also 

 in the absence of oxygen. Acid culture-media are pre- 

 ferred, although the filamentous and the budding fungi 

 grow also upon alkaline media. These fungi are present 

 everywhere in nature, and are always numerous in the air 

 and upon articles of food. They are capable of inducing 

 fermentation (especially, though not exclusively, the bud- 

 ding fungi) and decomposition. Putrefaction, which is 

 usually of bacterial origin, inhibits the development of fila- 

 mentous and budding fungi in general. 



Microscopic examination for filamentous and budding 

 fungi is made on the whole in the same way as that for 



