410 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



40. Vibrio Phosphorescens Dunbar. This may be con- 

 founded with the cholera-bacillus on account of its morphologic 

 and cultural appearances, but is distinguishable by its phos- 

 phorescence. 



41. Vibrio Massowah. This possesses from two to four 

 flagella, whereas the comma-bacillus possesses but a single ter- 

 minal flagellum. It yields the nitroso-indol reaction, and is 

 quite pathogenic for pigeons, guinea-pigs, and rabbits. 







Fig. 92. Spirillum Dunbar, from agar-agar ; X 1000 (Itzerott and Niemann). 



IL DISINFECTION. 



To afford protection against the importation of epidemics, 

 which mostly threaten Europe from the Orient, resort is 

 had to supervision of maritime intercourse by means of 

 quarantine-stations, the International Sanitary Bureau, and 

 other official arrangements. General hygienic efforts also, 

 through drainage of the soil, through the provision of 

 a pure water-supply, through care for healthful dwellings, 

 etc., to render the sanitary conditions of the country 

 during periods free from pestilence such that epidemics, 

 when imported, do not find the soil upon which they 

 thrive, must be made by the public authorities. The practis- 

 ing physician can cooperate in these to only a slight degree. 

 The conditions, however, are different when once the epi- 

 demic has been introduced ; then the relations of the phy- 

 sician with regard to it are identical with those that exist 



