420 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



consisting of about twenty grams of chlorinated lime and 

 100 of water. After thorough admixture the stool need 

 stand for only fifteen minutes. 



For the disinfection of cesspools Pfuhl likewise recom- 

 mends milk of lime. When the tun-system is used, 3 grams 

 = 6 cu. cm. of pulverulent slaked lime, or, better, 30 cu. 

 cm. of milk of lime, and in the case of pits 2 grams = 4 

 cu. cm. of pulverulent lime, or, better, 20 cu. cm. of milk 

 of lime should be allowed daily for each person. The 

 seat as well as the funnel-shaped basin and the discharge -pipe 

 must be thoroughly irrigated with the disinfecting solution. 

 If, in addition to feces, which may be estimated at 400 cu. 

 cm. for each person daily, also the total amount of urine is 

 thrown into the receptacle, the mass of material to be dis- 

 infected may be estimated at between 1 500 and 2000 cu. 

 cm., and four or five times as much of the disinfectant 

 should be employed for each person. Under these conditions 

 also disinfection is attained only when the privy-contents 

 exhibit a distinctly alkaline reaction. 



Of other disinfectants for water-closets, carbolic acid, 

 sulphocarbolic acid, lysol, and saprol, may be mentioned. 

 These must be introduced in solution, and in an amount 

 equal to two per cent, of the material to be disinfected ; 

 about eight grams daily may, therefore, be estimated for 

 each person. All of these substances are more expensive 

 than milk of lime, without possessing especial advantages. 

 For hospitals it may be recommended that the entire fecal 

 accumulation be boiled in a suitable vessel with addition of 

 deodorizing substances (potassium permanganate). 



DISINFECTION OF BATH-WATER, WASH-WATER, ETC. 



Bath-water, when contaminated by patients, is disinfected 

 by means of milk of lime (six liters to a bath of 300 liters) 

 or of carbolic acid. Mercuric chlorid is to be avoided 

 when metallic tubs are used. 



Wash-water is freed from typhoid-bacilli and cholera- 

 bacilli, according to Pfuhl, within an hour if 1. 5 to one thous- 

 and of calcium hydroxid be added, and if constant agitation 

 is maintained. 



Koch permitted milk of lime to be introduced into the 

 drainage-fluid at Nietleben until the fluid appearing in the 



