SPECIAL SECRETING ORGANS. 51 



less developed, sacs are found in some other animals, <?. g., Arctomys, 

 Lutra, &DC. 



In the Shrew-mice, at least the larger species, there occurs upon 

 the side of the body, opposite to the anterior feet, a layer of glands, 

 which secrete a fetid fluid. 



In the genera nearly allied to the Shrew-mice, namely, Myogale, 

 and Macroscelides, a layer of separate coecal sacs, or pyriform pouch- 

 es, lies upon the under side of the tail. The secretion of these glands 

 is very strong in Moschus. 



In the Peccari (Dicotyles torquatus) there lies upon the back in 

 the crupper a gland opening externally, and giving exit to a strong 

 smelling secretion ; it consists of a sac with thick walls, into which 

 blind cells open. A glandular organ, probably similar, has been 

 recently found in the Stag, surrounding the eight basal caudal 

 vertebrae. 



A considerable gland, 6 to 8 inches broad, lies, in the Elephant, 

 beneath the integument in the neighborhood of the temple. It 

 opens by a narrow excretory duct between the ear and eye, and 

 secretes in the male, during the rutting season, an adhesive fetid 

 moisture. 



In the Carnivora and Rodentia, Anal sacs or glands are very 

 frequently fotmd ; and their secretion appears always to possess a 

 strong odor. Such simple sacs, consisting of many coats, and 

 covered with a muscular layer to press out their contents, are 

 found in Mustela, Lutra, Arctomys, Dasyprocta, &c. ; in the Civet 

 (Viverra zibetha), and in the Beaver, they are provided with thick 

 glandular walls. In the Hyaena there is only a single pouch which 

 opens by a transverse slit above the anus ; it contains, however, sev- 

 eral conspicuous sacs, which consist of blind follicles grouped together 

 like a bunch of grapes. 



The peculiar Preputial glands, which frequently occur, as in 

 some Rodentia and Carnivora, near to the anal sacs, appear to be 

 less generally distributed. Conspicuous but simple sacs are found 

 in the preputium in Mus, Cricetus and Lepus. In the Beaver and 

 Civet they are found along with the anal sacs, and yield the casto- 

 reum and civet-musk. The sacs in the Civet are double, but en- 

 closed in a common pouch, which opens between the anus and sexual 

 organs. Small follicles are situated in its thick walls. Such sacs are 

 also met with in the Ruminantia, namely, the Antilopes. The most 

 remarkable instance, however, occurs in the Musk-deer, where the 

 musk pouch is an organ of secretion opening into the prepuce, though 



