EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1. 



Fig. 1. Skeleton of a bird seen in profile ms, superior or t^rper man- 

 dible mi, lower mandible n, the nasal fossce /, the tympanic bone or 

 the orbit oc, cervical vertebrae vd, dorsal vertebrae 7, vertebrae of the tail 

 r-c, the ribs ae, costal appendices s, sternum om, the scapula cZ, the 

 clavicle A, the humerus re, the radius and cubitus or ulna p, the thumb 

 rf, the median finger pd, rudiment of the thumb i, the iliac bones, 

 which ibrm the pelvis/, the femur ft, tibia pe, the fibula fa, the tarsus 

 di, the internal tpe dm, median toe de, external toe dp, posterior toe. 



Fig. 2 The sternum and bones of the shou'der , the sternum 6, the 

 brisket or keel c, the clavicles co, the coracoid bone o, the scapula A, 

 a part of the humerus. 



Fig. 3. The head of a wood-pecker to show the position of the tongue, (/,) 

 and the horns of the hyoid bone (i), passing from below over the back 

 part of the head. 



