SEPALS. COROLLA. 71 



of the se'pals, the calyx is entire, but in general it occurs only at 

 the base, and then the terminal and free portion of the se'pals 

 constitutes the lobes or teelk which occupy the upper part of the 

 calyx and spread more or less. We give the name of tube to the 

 lower and commonly contracted part of a calyx thus formed, and 

 the superior and open part is called the limb. In most dicotyle'- 

 donous plants, the calyx is composed of five se'pals, and when 

 these appendages are united at the base, presents five lobes ; 

 sometimes, however, there are only three or even two, and there 

 are examples of a considerably greater number. Its form varies : 

 sometimes it is regular, that is, composed of parts entirely like 

 each other ; sometimes irregular, that is, consisting of parts that 

 differ from each other in form or size. Sometimes certain se'pals 

 nre united to each other for a shorter distance than the rest, so as 

 to form divisions of unequal size, and constitute what botanists 

 icrm a labiate calyx (labiate, from the Latin labium, lip). 



26. The se'pals, like the leaves, are sometimes caducous (from 

 ihe Latin, cado, I fall), and sometimes persistent (from the Latin 

 per, through, and sisto, I remain); after inflorescence they some- 

 times dry where they are, and at other times, on the contrary, 

 they enlarge and become fleshy. Their form varies : some are 

 lanceolate (lance-shaped) or pointed, others are blunt, and others 

 again are cordiform (heart-shaped). In some plants their extremity 

 is hardened so as to resemble a spine or a long hair. 



27. The whole of the calyx formed by the assemblage of the 

 se'pals also presents considerable differences ; the monose 'palous 

 ca'lices may be tubular (or elongated in the form of a tube, as in 

 the pink); urce'olate (from the Latin urceus, a pitcher), or in form 

 of a pitcher or urn, contracted above the limb and then dilated, 

 as in the rose ; campa' nulate (from the Latin campanula, a little 

 bell), or in form of a bell; vesicular, compressed, angular, &c. 

 The polyse'palous ca'lices also vary ; some are tubular, others 

 are campanulate, others stellate (star-shaped), &c. 



28. Corolla. The internal 

 envelope of the flower or 

 corolla is composed, like the 

 calyx, by the union of a certain 

 number of lamellar appendages 

 somewhat analogous to leaves, 

 which are arranged circularly 

 in one or more rows or whorls 

 (Jigs. 82, 83, 84). To these 



appendages we give the name Fig. 82. COROLLA, 



26. In what particulars do se'pals resemble leaves? 



27. What are the forms of calices ? 



28. What is a corolla ? What are petals ? 



