138 HOP. HEMP. 



115. To the same division of Peripeta'lejB 

 belong the Indian figs, or Ca'ctece, or Nopa'- 

 lece (Jig. 164) ; they are known by the stamens 

 being indefinite, the calyx and corolla being im- 

 perceptible, or very minute, and their succulent 

 character. The fruits of many of the Ca'cteae 

 are pulpy and refreshing. The milky juice of 

 some of the plants in this family is very dan- 

 gerous, as that of the Cactus grandiflorus^ 

 ,,. 1C . Cactus flagellif&rmis, &c. The insect called 



riff. lO4. CACTUS. /-i i I //~i ., -\ f j 



Cochineal (Locus cacti) is found on some 

 species of cactus. 



DICLINOUS* DICOTY'LEDONS. 



116. This fourth division of the dicoty'ledons is composed, in 

 the method of Jussieu, of plants, the flowers of which are truly 

 unisexual and diclinous, that is, the two sexes are not found in 

 the same individual ; but it is not very natural and is not adopted 

 by the majority of the botanists of the present day. 



In this division we place the Euphorbia'cese, the Cupuli'ferae, 

 or Amenta'cese, the Urti'cese, the Coni'ferse, &c. 



117. The FAMILY OF URTI'CE^: is composed of plants, both 

 Herbaceous and ligneous, the juices of which are often milky, the 

 flowers are apetalous, joined in a catkin or enclosed in a fleshy 

 involucre, and have hypogy'nous stamens ; the fruit is composed 

 of a crustaceous achenium enveloped by the calyx or involucre. 

 We place in this family the hop (Humulus lupulus), which is 

 valued in brewing for the bitter quality of its strobili or cones; 

 the banyan tree (Ficus religiosa) ; the fig (Ficus caricd) ; nettle 

 (Urtica dioica]\ the well known plant which furnishes hemp 

 (Cannabis saliva) ; mulberry (Morus nigra). The bark of the 

 Morus papyrifera furnishes the paper of the Chinese. The 

 bread-fruit tree (Artocarpus incisa) ; the elm, &c. 



1 18. The hemp Cannabis saliva belongs to the family of 

 Urti'cese: it is an herbaceous, diceceous plant, the male flowers 

 of which are arranged in axillary and terminal panicles, and the 

 female flowers are sessile in the axils of the superior ramuscules ; 

 these flowers have a single envelope which takes the place of 



* DICLINOUS : (from the Greek, dis, two, and kline, bed.) This term is 

 applied to plants in which the sexual organs exist separately in different 

 flowers, that is, not having both sexes in the same flower, being unisexual. 



115. How is the family of Nopa'lese known ? What is cochineal ? 



116. What kind of plants are included in the class of Dicli'neae ? 



117. What are the characters of the family of U.'ti'ceffl ? 



118. What is hemp ? For what is it used ? 



