36 THIRD GEOLOGICAL EPOCH. 



If we suppose the strata to have been in this position at the time 

 of a geological convulsion, such as we have alluded to above, and 

 that the granite should force its way upwards at A or B, we should 

 find perhaps all the relations of the strata changed, presenting 

 something like the arrangement represented in the following figure. 



Transition. Stratified. 



The above figure represents the effect of the sudden rising up 

 of a mass of granite, Dursting and breaking through all the strata 

 that were lying above it. Instead of a horizontal level surface, as 

 in fig. 27, we have a mountain of granite, from the lowest stratum, 

 overtopping all the more recent formations ; and the ends of the 

 several strata, where they were broken to give passage to the 

 granite, are brought up towards the earth's surface, represented by 

 the dotted line. In such a case as we here suppose, it would be 

 very difficult for one who had not studied the subject to determine 

 which stratum was first formed : it might seem to him that inas- 

 much as he finds the granite occupying the highest point, and the 

 transition rocks the lowest, that the granite is of the last or most 

 modern formation. 



LESSON III. 



THIRD GEOLOGICAL EPOCH. Secondary Formation Carbonife- 

 rous Formation Old Red Stone Fossils Coal Formation- 

 Fossils Extent of Coal Measures. 



FOURTH GEOLOGICAL EPOCH. New Ped Sandstone Fossils 

 Trias sic System Bunter Sandstein Mushelkalk Keu'per 

 Ammonites Fossils. 



FIFTH GEOLOGICAL EPOCH. Lias, or Lia'ssic System Fossils 

 I'chthyosau'rus Plei'siosau'rus Pteroda'ctylus O'ohtic 

 System Fossils. 



THIRD GEOLOGICAL EPOCH. 



Secondary Formation Carboniferous Formation 



1. After the great revolutions which seem to have termmau-d 

 he ancient period commonly designated as the transition epoch, 



