PARIS BASIN __ ANOPLOTHERIUM. 



,ion than those named, but some of them are not found every- 

 where, and others are seen first in the superior formations. 



11. Above the marine limestone, or rather parallel with it, we 

 find what is named fresh-water or silicious limestone, so called be- 

 cause there is mingled in it a considerable quantity of silex, some- 

 times uniformly disseminated, and at others forming here and there 

 more or less voluminous masses (fig. 155), which constitute the mill- 



Millstone. 



Fig. 155. Fresh-water limestone, with masses of millstone without shells. 



stone without s/?e//s,which is wrought into millstones. Flu viatile shells 

 are found in the lower parts of this bed, such as lymnea and planorbis. 

 12. The next group in the general series of Paris basin rocks 

 consists of white and green marls, with a considerable quantity of 

 gypsum, the latter being chiefly developed in the centre of the 

 basin. The upper parts both of the marine and fresh-water lime- 

 stone alternate occasionally with marls ; but the latter form, on the 

 whole, a distinct overlying group of fresh-water origin, and contain 

 land and fluviatile shells, fragments of wood, and great numbers 

 of the bones of fresh-water fishes, of crocodiles, and other reptiles, 

 of birds, and even of quadrupeds, the latter being usually isolated 

 and often entire. The gypsum beds having been extensively 

 quarried for the manufacture of "plaster of Paris" (obtained by 

 burning the gypsum), they have yielded a multitude of these 

 mammalian remains, \vhich formed the base of the great dis- 

 coveries of Cuvier so that the investigation of them by that 

 anatomist may even be considered to have laid the foundation of 

 the science of Palaeontology, so far as it is dependent on sound 

 principles of analogy. It is chiefly in the lower parts of the 

 gypsum that these extinct quadrupeds are found. Such, for ex- 

 ample, are the anoplo- 

 the'rium and paleo- 

 the'rium, pachyder- 

 matous animals, more 



or less approaching to 

 the rhinoceros and ta- 



pir, of which there 

 were several species. 

 The common anoplo- 

 Z'V.156. Sk eleton of the Artoplof he' rium commune, the'rium (Jig. 156 



11. What is the portion of the fresh-water limestone of the Paris basin ? 



12. What is found next above the limestones of the Paris basin ? What 

 ifo plaster of Paris? W T hat fossils are found in the gypsum * What is tho 

 Anoplothe'rium 7 



