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A GLOSSARY OF TERMS 



botany, the male organ of mosses : 

 it is a pedunculated oblong sac, 

 containing a fluid mixed with a 

 granular pulp, which is discharged 

 with some force from the sac on 

 the application of water. 



SPERMATO'PHOHA. fr. gr. sperma, a 

 seed ; phoro, to carry. The mov- 

 ing filaments ; cylindrical sheaths 

 in the cephalopods which contain 

 the sperma. 



SPERMA TO zo' A. fr. gr. sperma, a 

 seed 5 ZOOM, an animal. Animal- 

 cules found in animals, and also 

 in cryptogamic plants. 



SPE'RAIODEIIM. fr. gr. sperma, seed ; 

 derma, skin. Seed-covering; the 

 external membrane of the seed 

 of plants. 



SPHA'CELATE. In botany, withered 

 or dead. 



SPJRNO'PTKHIS -fr. sr. sphen, a wedge; 

 ptcris, a fern. A genus of fossil 

 plants. 



SPHJSHE'NCHTMA. fr. gr. sphaira, a 

 sphere ; egchuma, anything poured 

 in. Merenchyma, The spherical 

 variety of the parenchyma in 

 plants. 



SPHA'LERO-CA'HPIUM. fr. gr. sphale- 

 ros, delusive; karpos, fruit. Nux 

 baccaia. An indehiscent, one- 

 seeded pericarp, enclosed within 

 a fleshy perianth. 



SPHENOID. fr. gr. sphen, a wedge; 

 eidos, resemblance. A bone, situ- 

 ate on the middle line, and at the 

 base of the cranium. It articu- 

 lates with all the other bones of 

 the cranium, and strengthens their 

 union, acting very much like the 

 key-stone of an arch. 



SPHE'NOPHY'LLITES. fr. gr. sphen, 

 wedge ; phullon, leaf; lilhos, stone. 

 A family of fossil plants. 



SPHEHOI'DAL. Resembling a sphere 

 or globe. 



SPHE'RULA. Lat. A little sphere. 

 The globose peridium of some fun- 

 gaceous plants, having a central 

 opening through which sporidia 



are emitted, mixed with a gelati 

 nous pulp. 



SPHE'RCLES. Minute spheres. 



SPHE'HULITF.S. fr. gr. sphaira, a 

 sphere ; lithos, a stone. A variety 

 of obsidian or pearlstone which 

 occurs in rounded grains. 



SPICA'TA. Lat. Having spikes; 

 eared like corn. 



SPIKE. An assemblage of axillary 

 flowers arranged on a simple 

 axis. This form of inflorescence 

 differs from a raceme only in hav- 

 ing its flowers sessile. 



SPIKE'LET. Locusta. A little spike. 



SPI'NAL. Belonging or relating to 

 the spine. 



SPINE. The back bone. In botany, 

 a thorn, or small conical projection, 

 consisting of a hardened branch, 

 sometimes bearing leaves. It con- 

 tains woody fibre in its structure, 

 and in this, differs from the prickle. 



SPISTE'LLE, or SPINB'I.. Fr. A sub- 

 species of ruby. 



SpiNi-CEHEBRA'TA.-Dr. Grant's name 

 for those Vertebrata which have a 

 spinal marrow and brain, pro- 

 tected by a vertebral column and 

 cranium. 



SPI'NIFOIOI:. Formed like a spine. 



SPIN'NERETS. Spinners. The arti- 

 culated, tubes or organs with 

 which insects spin their silk, or 

 web. 



SPINO'SA. ) Lat. Spinous; covered 



SPINO'SUM. with spines. 



SPI'NOUS. } Covered with thorn- 



SPI'NULOSE. > like processes or 



SPI'NT. } spines. 



SPINULE'SCENT. In botany, having a 

 tendency to produce small spines. 



SPI'RACLE. fr. lat. spirare, to breathe. 

 A breathing-hole or nostril in 

 aquatic animals. Spiracles are ilia 

 breathing-holes of insects. 



SPI'RAL. Twisted like a corkscrew. 

 Circularly involved. Spiral ves- 

 sels are long cylindrical tubes, 

 which constitute the vascular tis- 

 sue of plants. 



